Lithium-ion batteries lead the market for portable electronics due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate. Nonetheless, the demand for lithium-ion batteries in emerging applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage has placed increased pressure on the supply chain of critical battery material

Understanding chemical phenomena around us hinges on grasping the fundamental principles of matter's structure. Every material is composed of discrete atoms organized in specific patterns. These atoms interact through transformations, creating entirely new substances. By investigating these processes, we can dissect the nuances of the natural world

Chemical formation is a pillar of modern existence. From the medications that cure disease to the materials that compose our infrastructure, chemical reactions are vital to our comfort. Through the deliberate transformation of atoms and units, chemists create a extensive range of materials that influence our world. From the synthetic production of